Journal of Asian-african Focus in Health

Literatur Review: The Relationship Between Macronutrient Intake and Sleep Duration and the Occurrence of Menstrual Disorders in Women of Reproductive Age

Zul Fajri — 2026-06-02

This literature review examines the relationship between macronutrient intake and sleep duration with the incidence of menstrual disorders in women of reproductive age. Based on a systematic analysis of ten selected scientific studies, the findings indicate that carbohydrate intake is significantly associated with menstrual disorders, particularly when high glycemic index foods and excessive added sugars are consumed, leading to hormonal imbalances through insulin dysregulation. Protein intake also shows a significant relationship, where both deficiency and excessive consumption of animal protein may disrupt ovulation, while plant-based protein demonstrates a protective effect. Fat intake, especially high saturated fat consumption, is linked to increased severity of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome (PMS), whereas omega-3 fatty acids contribute to symptom relief. In addition, insufficient sleep duration (less than 7 hours per day) significantly increases the risk of menstrual irregularities and pain intensity. Biologically, these relationships are explained through multiple mechanisms, including disruption of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis, insulin resistance, increased prostaglandin production, and the reciprocal interaction between poor diet and inadequate sleep. Despite strong evidence, significant research gaps remain, particularly the lack of experimental or clinical studies examining the combined effects of dietary and sleep interventions on menstrual health. Therefore, a comprehensive approach integrating nutritional and lifestyle modifications is essential in managing menstrual disorders.

P3PM Poster Improves Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Personal Hygiene of Food Handlers at SPPG A

Fadlan Widyananda — 2026-06-02

Effective educational interventions are necessary to ensure food safety in the Free Nutritional Meal Program (MBG) by promoting personal hygiene among food workers. The purpose of this research is to examine how nutrition fulfillment service unit (SPPG) A food handlers' knowledge and attitudes toward personal hygiene were affected by counseling that made use of the P3PM posters (Personal Hygiene, Use of PPE, and Handwashing Practices for Food Handlers). A pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test-post-test layout was utilized in this investigation. Thirteen food handlers chosen at random using a complete sample method made up the study's subjects. Before and after the intervention, data was collected using a knowledge and attitude questionnaire. Installation of three A3-sized P3PM posters in the food processing area and 45 minutes of counseling comprised the intervention. The results demonstrated that food handlers' expertise increased following the intervention, as evidenced by a change from adequate to good. Counseling also led to an 8.9 point improvement in food workers' attitudes about personal cleanliness. The results of the statistical analysis demonstrated a notable change in both knowledge and attitudes from the pre- to post-intervention periods (p0.005). The results show that food handlers in SPPG A can benefit from counseling using P3PM posters in terms of both knowledge and attitude.

Integration of Medical Ethics from an Islamic Perspective on the Formation of Professionalism in Medical Education: Literature Review

Rahmatul Amalia — 2026-06-05

Medical education is a long-term professional education that requires students to comprehensively master academic competencies and clinical practice. Developing professionalism is a crucial aspect because it determines the quality of service and public trust in the medical profession. Medical ethics, in this process, serves as a moral and behavioral foundation, including Islamic values that emphasize trustworthiness, justice, and responsibility in healthcare. The application of these values in medical education is crucial for the holistic development of character, moral integrity, and professionalism in medical students. This study used a literature review approach by analyzing relevant publications obtained from databases such as PubMed, Research Gate, and Google Scholar. The selected literature focused on medical ethics from an Islamic perspective, professionalism, medical education, and the integration of Islamic values. This study demonstrates that Islamic medical ethics, grounded in the Qur'an, Hadith, and the principles of Sharia law (maqasid sharia), such as trustworthiness, justice, ihsan, honesty, hifz al-nafs (protection of life), and la darar wa la dirar (do not harm oneself or others), play a significant role in shaping student professionalism. Integrating these values into the curriculum, learning, and academic environment can enhance components of professionalism such as altruism, accountability, excellence, and humanism. Furthermore, the systematic application of Islamic ethical values in the educational process strengthens empathy, responsibility, and the ability to make decisions grounded in ethical principles within modern medical practice. The integration of medical ethics from an Islamic perspective is an essential strategy in medical education to produce physicians who are not only academically competent but also possess high moral integrity and professionalism and are able to provide holistic healthcare services.